Creation of a Traffic Signal System Based on Density
Keywords:
traffic signal, congestion, microcontroller, Arduino Uno, infrared sensorsAbstract
This document introduces an innovative traffic signal system centered on density, dynamically adjusting signal timing based on traffic volume at each intersection. With congestion persisting at all entry points of Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), a shift from conventional scheduling methods to a self-decision automated system is imperative. The existing system relies on scheduled time intervals, proving inefficient when only one lane is operational while others remain inactive. To address ABU's gateway challenges, an intelligent traffic control prototype was developed. High density in one lane causes extended waiting times in other lanes beyond the usual allotted periods. To counter this issue, a methodology was devised, assigning green and red light durations based on real-time traffic densities using Infrared (IR) sensors. The Arduino Uno Microcontroller facilitated the allocation of green light periods once density calculations were determined. Sensors monitored vehicle presence, relaying information to the microcontroller, which then dictated signal change durations and flank openness. This paper also elucidates the operational principles of the density-based traffic signal control system, showcasing the prototype's efficacy.
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