Creación de un Sistema de Señalización de Tráfico Basado en la Densidad
Palabras clave:
señal de tráfico, congestión, microcontrolador, Arduino Uno, sensores infrarrojosResumen
Este documento presenta un innovador sistema de señalización de tráfico centrado en la densidad, ajustando dinámicamente el tiempo de señalización según el volumen de tráfico en cada intersección. Con la congestión persistente en todos los puntos de entrada de la Universidad Ahmadu Bello (ABU), es imperativo pasar de los métodos convencionales de programación a un sistema automatizado de toma de decisiones propia. El sistema existente se basa en intervalos de tiempo programados, demostrando ser ineficiente cuando solo un carril está operativo mientras que otros permanecen inactivos. Para abordar los desafíos en la entrada de ABU, se desarrolló un prototipo de control de tráfico inteligente. La alta densidad en un carril provoca tiempos de espera prolongados en otros carriles más allá de los períodos habituales asignados. Para contrarrestar este problema, se ideó una metodología que asigna las duraciones de las luces verde y roja según las densidades de tráfico en tiempo real utilizando sensores infrarrojos (IR). El microcontrolador Arduino Uno facilitó la asignación de períodos de luz verde una vez que se calcularon las densidades. Los sensores monitorearon la presencia de vehículos, transmitiendo información al microcontrolador, que luego dictaba las duraciones de cambio de señal y la apertura de flancos. Este documento también aclara los principios operativos del sistema de control de señalización de tráfico basado en la densidad, mostrando la eficacia del prototipo.
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